research article
somayeh Bigghalejogh; shossein seyedi
Abstract
The concept of literariness and its components is one of the most contentious issues in the field of literary criticism, which has yet to submit a definitive and specific definition, despite the efforts of many critics and literati; Adonis, a prominent Arab theorist, and critic, is one of the few critics ...
Read More
The concept of literariness and its components is one of the most contentious issues in the field of literary criticism, which has yet to submit a definitive and specific definition, despite the efforts of many critics and literati; Adonis, a prominent Arab theorist, and critic, is one of the few critics who has been able to propound new theories about literariness. His views in this field have gone beyond the limited definition of poetry and have entered a broader field, literary theory. Therefore, in the present article, using the descriptive-analytical method, we have studied the concept of literariness and its components, this time from Adonis's point of view. What emphasizes the need for such research is that finding Adonis's special view on the subject of literariness and its components paves the way for a more accurate understanding of his poetic theory and highlights his unique position as a literary theorist. Thus, the purpose of the authors in this study is to explain the concept of literariness from the perspective of Adonis and to achieve this, we first explained the concept of literariness and its most components based on the opinions of Arab and Western critics then, by comparing these foundations, with the literary theories of Adonis, we tried to reach his literariness views. The results of the research indicate that Adonis, in his theory of literariness, uses the word poetry as an equivalent for literariness, and, like Western and Arabic critics, he has used literariness as a theory for reflection in the aesthetic judgments of the text. In addition, from his point of view, the writing stage is like a link between the first stage (oral) and the third stage (literary modernity) , and poetry at this stage becomes an open structure with many views.
research article
زهرا احمدلو; ابوالفضل رضایی; Mohammad Ebrahim Khalife Shushtari
Abstract
سیبویه برای استحکام بخشی تحلیل‌های نحوی و وضع اصول نحوی از شواهد قرآنی بسیاری یاری گرفته است. این پژوهش به صورت توصیفی – تحلیلی به بررسی تحلیل شواهد قرآنی در باب (حذف) ...
Read More
سیبویه برای استحکام بخشی تحلیل‌های نحوی و وضع اصول نحوی از شواهد قرآنی بسیاری یاری گرفته است. این پژوهش به صورت توصیفی – تحلیلی به بررسی تحلیل شواهد قرآنی در باب (حذف) در الکتاب می‌پردازد. سپس به صورت تطبیقی به بررسی میزان و چگونگی تاثیر تعلیل‌های سیبویه بر روی مفسرانی چون زجاج، زمخشری، طبرسی و فخرالدین رازی اشاره می‌شود. از جمله اهداف این پژوهش بیان میزان پذیرش یافته‌های نحوی سیبویه نسبت به شواهد قرآنی از جانب مفسران است. بررسی‌های انجام شده، نشان می‌دهد، این مفسران بزرگ، به طور مستقیم (با ذکر نام) یا به صورت غیر مستقیم از تعلیل‌های این دانشمند بزرگ نحوی بهره برده‌‌اند. در تاثیر پذیری غیر مستقیم در اکثر موارد به واسطه‌ی زجاج و یا زمخشری، دیدگاه سیبویه مورد پذیرش قرار گرفته است. از جمله نتایج این مقاله این است که سیبویه در تحلیل شواهد قرآنی توجه به قواعد نحوی و شیوه‌ی بیان رایج در بین عربها و بافت کلام داشته است. یافته‌ها نشان داد که تاثیر پذیری مفسران از این عالم نحوی بیشتر به صورت غیر مستقیم است و همچنین تحلیل‌های سیبویه در بیشتر موارد از جانب مفسران پذیرفته شده و در برخی موارد با نقد تند به خصوص از جانب فخر رازی و یا با نقد ملایم مواجه شده است. از دیگر نتایج این مقاله اشاره به روی‌کرد عقل‌گرایی در برخی از تحلیل‌های سیبویه و چهار مفسر است.. از دیگر نتایج این مقاله اشاره به روی‌کرد عقل‌گرایی در برخی از تحلیل‌های سیبویه و چهار مفسر است.ین تحلیل‌های سیبویه در بیشتر موارد از جانب مفسران پذیرفته شده و در برخی موارد با نقد تند به خصوص از جانب فخر رازی و یا با نقد ملایم مواجه شده است. از دیگر نتایج این مقاله اشاره به روی‌کرد عقل‌گرایی در برخی از تحلیل‌های سیبویه و چهار مفسر است
research article
Literary Criticism
hojjat rasouli; sheler ahmadi
Abstract
The prominent critic of Arabic literature of the 4th century AH, Ibn Tabataba al-Alawi, in comparison with the works of his contemporaries and predecessors, in his work Ayar al-She’r, has a distinctive way of criticizing Arabic literature. Ibn Tabataba specifically dealt with poetry as an artistic ...
Read More
The prominent critic of Arabic literature of the 4th century AH, Ibn Tabataba al-Alawi, in comparison with the works of his contemporaries and predecessors, in his work Ayar al-She’r, has a distinctive way of criticizing Arabic literature. Ibn Tabataba specifically dealt with poetry as an artistic industry and made the structure and order of poetry the main focus of his discussion, in such a way that through his statements one can see the subtle distinction between different types of literature such as verse, prose, poetry and the different foundations of literary works. Now, since Ibn Tabataba's focus is on the poetry industry and, on the other hand, some researchers believe that the old Arabic criticism is a form-oriented criticism, we are going to show what the critical opinions of Ibn Tabataba in Ayar al-She'r are, within the framework of the principles of Russian formalism; and how much it is possible to consider Ibn Tabataba as subject to this general rule and look him as a critic with a formalist approach. Also, to what extent the evidence available in Ayar al-She’r strengthens this hypothesis, that the ancient Arabic literary criticism is formalist criticism. Therefore, in this research, the critical opinions of Ibn Tabataba in the book Ayar al-She’r were discussed based on the main characteristics of the Russian formalism approach and, through the descriptive-content analysis method. The result of the research showed that Ibn Tabataba is at the head of critics who have a formalistic approach and his critical opinions strengthen this hypothesis, that the old Arabic criticism is a formalistic criticism.
